Winter-loving Scandinavians have a saying that translates in English as “There’s no bad weather, only bad clothing.” Get outfitted with the right gear for the season — and get outside!

The Basics

Whether you’re heading for the slopes or browsing at a winter market, dressing in layers ensures you can adapt to changing weather conditions.

• Base Layer Opt for merino wool and synthetic performance fabrics to help wick moisture away from your skin when you work up a sweat. Without this wicking base layer, you could end up with damp clothes that will lower your body temperature quickly.
• Mid Layer Wear a puffy down coat or a thick fleece, both of which are lightweight, insulating options that retain body heat.
• Outer Layer A wind-resistant, waterproof shell may be enough for short outings, but an insulated jacket and snow pants will keep you cozy in frigid weather.
• Extra Protection In addition to a warm hat and gloves, there’s one more “layer” needed to complete your outfit. Sunscreen is a must for exposed skin, and polarized sunglasses will help prevent snow blindness.

Snowy Hikes

• Footwear must be warm and breathable and have quality treads. Before deciding on your boots, visit Rate My Treads (kite-uhn.com/rmt/en), created by the KITE Research Institute, which conducts slip-resistance testing for many footwear brands to help prevent falls.
• Bring extra layers of clothing in a light, easy-to-carry backpack, along with an insulated water bottle, snacks and a first aid kit.
• Wear outdoor gaiters to cover your boots and your pant-leg bottoms to keep out the snow.
• Use poles, crampons or spikes for extra traction on the trails.

Winter Biking

• Choose a toque that’s warm but thin enough to fit under your helmet snugly, so it doesn’t slide off or obstruct your view.
• Fend off the slush with shoe covers or go for insulated cycling shoes with built-in gaiters.
• Opt for bright reflective clothing to help ensure you’re visible to drivers in bad weather and at night.
• Quality bike fenders are among the most important accessories to help keep your clothing dry in snowy weather.

Sledding with the Kids

• The Canadian Paediatric Society warns against using a bicycle helmet for sledding. Use a certified hockey or ski helmet instead.
• Bring extra clothing layers for kids — socks get soggy and mittens are easily lost. If you don’t want to carry full sets of extra clothes, keep them in the car, so kids stay comfortable and dry on the way home.

On the Slopes

• Ensure that your ski helmet is certified by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA), the Snell Foundation or the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
• Don goggles for UV protection and anti-fog features.
• Clip an emergency whistle to your jacket in case you need to signal for help.
• Protect your teeth with a mouthguard, which, according to research studies, can also reduce your risk of concussion.

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